📌The theoretical framework is based on a pre-existing theory that has already been tested and validated by others. You "borrow" this theory to provide a foundation for your study.
📌When to use it: When your research aims to test an existing theory or use it to explain a phenomenon.
📌The conceptual framework is your own mental model of how the variables in your study interact. You create it by synthesizing various ideas, findings from your literature review, and your own observations.
📌When to use it: When there is no single "perfect" theory that explains your problem, or when you want to show the specific causal links between your variables.
📍Which one should you use?
📌Quantitative Research: Often relies on a Theoretical Framework because it typically tests hypotheses derived from established theories.
📌Qualitative Research: Often relies on a Conceptual Framework because it explores new relationships and seeks to build theory from the ground up.