從點線面來看

• 點：服務接觸點
• 線：透過數位科技、資通訊科技、智慧科技的連結
• 面：整體顧客體驗

系統整合

餐旅生態系統

Source: https://www.books.com.tw/products/0010906123?srsltid=AfmBOoo5ZDVLAVY6-Gmgf5h4X_veGIaWb_Dwba_2HhLWtS8-RIH2Rx8g cited from Buhalis, D., & Leung, R. (2018). Smart hospitality—Interconnectivity and interoperability towards an ecosystem. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 71, 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.11.011

智慧城市的階層架構

Source: https://www.books.com.tw/products/0010906123?srsltid=AfmBOoo5ZDVLAVY6-Gmgf5h4X_veGIaWb_Dwba_2HhLWtS8-RIH2Rx8g adaped from Lim, C., Kim, K.-J., & Maglio, P. P. (2018). Smart cities with big data: Reference models, challenges, and considerations. Cities, 82, 86-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.04.011

數位化

虛擬 via Computer & System

實體環境 via IoT

系統整合：垂直整合 ＋ 水平整合 ＆ 虛實整合

企業內外的系統整合

各式實體人與物的資料整合